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Translations of sine & Cosine GraphsHow the equation relates to the graphs A translation is a type of transformation that is isometric (isometric means that the shape is not distorted in any way). A translation of a graph, whether its sine or cosine or anything, can be thought of a 'slide'. To translate a graph, all that you have to do is shift or slide the entire graph to a different place.
Vertical Translations of Sine and Cosine graphs
If you're on this web page, you should be very familiar with the graph of y =sin(x) as shown below (over 0 ≤ X ≤ 2Π)
. An example of first type of translation that we wil look at is y = sin(x) +1
Below you can see both the original graph of y =sin(x) and the graph of the translation y = sin(x) + 1 
Based on the example above you can figure out, what the graph of the following translation would look like y = sin(x)− 1
What would the graph of the following equation look like:
 ?(Note this question assumes that you have studied amplitude of sine equationsas well as period of sine and cosine graphs)
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